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wiki:student:how_to_clear_a_full_boot_partition
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wiki:student:how_to_clear_a_full_boot_partition [2019/03/15 15:44] cwday |
wiki:student:how_to_clear_a_full_boot_partition [2019/03/21 14:56] (current) mchamber |
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| - | ======How to Clear a Full Boot Partition====== | + | <title>How to Clear a Full Boot Partition</title> |
| Ubuntu usually creates a separate /boot partition for storing Linux kernels. This isolates the kernels from the rest of the operating system, which helps make the system more stable. However, as it is usually a small partition (> 200 MB), it can fill up with old kernels. While keeping a couple old kernels around can be advisable, so as to be able to roll back to old kernels if a new one proves unstable (an unusual occurrence), it is not necessary to keep more than one or two. | Ubuntu usually creates a separate /boot partition for storing Linux kernels. This isolates the kernels from the rest of the operating system, which helps make the system more stable. However, as it is usually a small partition (> 200 MB), it can fill up with old kernels. While keeping a couple old kernels around can be advisable, so as to be able to roll back to old kernels if a new one proves unstable (an unusual occurrence), it is not necessary to keep more than one or two. | ||
| - | A user will usually notice they are out of space in /boot only after it is causing problems. If a new kernel tries to install without enough space, the installation will fail. If the system is then rebooted and it tries to use the new kernel, it will have a kernel panic. Sometimes it will be more graceful and simply cause dependency problems, which cripples the functionality of apt-get. | + | A user will usually notice they are out of space in **/boot** only after it is causing problems. If a new kernel tries to install without enough space, the installation will fail. If the system is then rebooted and it tries to use the new kernel, it will have a kernel panic. Sometimes it will be more graceful and simply cause dependency problems, which cripples the functionality of apt-get. |
| Here are some tricks to solve this problem: | Here are some tricks to solve this problem: | ||
| - If you've run into a kernel panic at boot time, select the //Advanced Boot// option from the Grub menu and select an older kernel version to boot from (do not use recovery mode). You may have to try a few before you find one that works. | - If you've run into a kernel panic at boot time, select the //Advanced Boot// option from the Grub menu and select an older kernel version to boot from (do not use recovery mode). You may have to try a few before you find one that works. | ||
| - | - When you have a functioning terminal to use, check the Linux kernel version you are currently running with the **''uname -r''** command. DO NOT remove this kernel. | + | - When you have a functioning terminal to use, check the Linux kernel version you are currently running. **DO NOT REMOVE THIS KERNEL**. |
| - | - Check which old kernels you have with **''ls /boot''**. | + | * <code>uname -r</code> |
| - | - Force the removal of one or two old kernels with **''sudo dpkg --force-all -P linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic''** (//update with the version of the kernel you wish to remove//). | + | - Check which old kernels you have |
| - | - You will probably need to use the same command to delete the ''linux-image-extra'' version of the corresponding kernels to fix dependency problems. | + | * <code>ls /boot</code> |
| - | - Once you are certain you have enough free space, use **''sudo apt-get install -f''** to fix any existing dependency problems. Make sure this command does not try to reinstall the kernels you just removed. If it does, you need to remove the ''linux-image-extra'' packages for those kernels (there may be other such dependencies, check online). | + | - Force the removal of one or two old kernels (//update with the version of the kernel you wish to remove//) |
| + | * <code>sudo dpkg --force-all -P linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic</code> | ||
| + | * You will probably need to use the same command to delete the ''linux-image-extra'' version of the corresponding kernels to fix dependency problems. | ||
| + | - Once you are certain you have enough free space fix any existing dependency problems. | ||
| + | * <code>sudo apt-get install -f</code> | ||
| + | * //Make sure this command does not try to reinstall the kernels you just removed.// If it does, you need to remove the ''linux-image-extra'' packages for those kernels (there may be other such dependencies, check online). | ||
| - Once you've got any dependency issues resolved, run **''sudo apt-get autoremove''** to remove the other old kernels. | - Once you've got any dependency issues resolved, run **''sudo apt-get autoremove''** to remove the other old kernels. | ||
| - | - As an alternative to ''autoremove'', you try the following command, though using a low-level utility such as dpkg is not necessarily recommended. It will remove all kernels except the one currently running. | + | * As an alternative to ''autoremove'', you try the following command, though using a low-level utility such as dpkg is not necessarily recommended. It will remove all kernels except the one currently running. |
| - | - <php> echo "Help" </php> | + | * <WRAP prewrap><code>sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//)")</code></WRAP> |
| - Odds are, there's a new kernel waiting to be installed. Once you've done all this to clear out your ''/boot'' partition, run **''apt-get update''** and **''apt-get upgrade''** to update your system (including any new kernels). | - Odds are, there's a new kernel waiting to be installed. Once you've done all this to clear out your ''/boot'' partition, run **''apt-get update''** and **''apt-get upgrade''** to update your system (including any new kernels). | ||
wiki/student/how_to_clear_a_full_boot_partition.1552686248.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/03/15 15:44 by cwday